Escalating geopolitical tensions pose a significant threat to the global financial system, the Federal Reserve has warned.
In its latest Financial Stability Report, the US central bank highlighted the potential for “broad adverse spillovers to global markets” if the Middle East conflict and the war in Ukraine intensify or other stresses emerge.
The Fed noted that such escalations could lead to reduced economic activity and higher inflation worldwide, particularly if they result in prolonged disruptions to supply chains and interruptions in production.
In addition, the global financial system could be affected by a pullback from risk-taking, declines in asset prices, and losses for exposed businesses and investors, including those in the US.
Geopolitical tensions on the rise around the world: The Fed’s warning comes as geopolitical tensions are on the rise around the world. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has already had a significant impact on the global economy, contributing to higher energy prices and food shortages. The Middle East is also a region of heightened geopolitical risk, with ongoing conflicts in Syria, Yemen, and elsewhere.
According to Financial Times, the report which stressed that the banking system on the whole remains “sound” and consumers and businesses have so far proven resilient in the face of higher interest rates comes as Tel Aviv prepares for an expected ground offensive into Gaza following the attack on Israel by Hamas militants earlier this month.
Jay Powell, the Fed chair, warned that geopolitical tensions “pose important risks to global economic activity” and carry “highly uncertain” implications.
The Fed’s latest report also follows a sharp rise in global borrowing costs as financial markets have rapidly adjusted to reflect expectations that a resilient US economy is likely to keep the Fed’s policy rate at elevated levels for a sustained period.
Powell suggested that an increased focus on the US debt burden may also be playing a role. According to figures from the Treasury Department on Friday, the federal deficit has risen to $1.7 trillion, up from $1.37 trillion in 2022.
Cost of borrowing: Borrowing costs globally have surged in recent weeks as Treasury yields of all maturities have risen sharply. The benchmark 10-year bond is now trading close to 5% for the first time since 2007, while two-year yields hover at a 17-year high.
Since its previous report in May, the Fed found that Treasury market liquidity, on the whole, remained below historical levels, signaling that market participants are being “particularly cautious”. While businesses and households have digested higher interest rates with relative ease, the central bank noted that certain risky borrowers are beginning to feel more substantive strains.
The speed and magnitude of the recent rise in interest rates have stoked fears of brewing financial instability, with a top IMF official recently telling the Financial Times that there was now “heightened risk” of some kind of fallout.
Inflation: In the event of inflation persisting unexpectedly, prompting central banks to have to raise rates further, the Fed warned of not only increased market volatility but also a “significant economic slowdown” as credit dries up and vulnerable households and businesses are forced to retrench.
JPMorgan Chase chief executive Jamie Dimon last week warned that the current moment may be “the most dangerous time the world has seen in decades”.
Banks have been cheered by losses and delinquencies so far not rising to elevated levels since the Fed started to raise its benchmark interest rate in its fight against inflation — a resiliency the central bank noted in its report.
However, Goldman Sachs chief executive David Solomon warned this week that “over the next two to four quarters, the impact of that tightening will be more evident and will create slowdowns in some areas”.
“I am hearing, as I interact with CEOs, particularly around consumer businesses, some softness, particularly in the last eight weeks in certain consumer behaviours,” he said
